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Aikido |
The word 'Aikido'
is made up of three Japanese characters: AI – join or harmony, KI - spirit
or universal energy, DO - the Way. Thus Aikido is 'the Way of Harmony with
Universal Energy.' |
| Ai Hanmi |
Paired stance where UKE and NAGE each have the same foot forward.
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| Ashi Sabaki |
Footwork. (TSUGI ASHI= slide, AYUMI ASHI =step) |
| Atemi |
Strike directed at the attacker for purposes of
unbalancing or distraction.
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| Budo |
Martial Way.
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| Chushin |
Center, especially, the center of one's
movement or balance.
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| Dan |
Black belt rank. |
| Do |
Way/path. The
Japanese character for 'DO' is the same as the Chinese character for Tao (as
in 'Taoism').
|
| Dojo |
Literally 'place of the Way.' Where we practice
Aikido.
|
Domo Arigato
Gozaimashita |
Japanese for
'thank you very much.' At the end of each class, it is proper to bow and
thank the instructor and those with whom you've trained.
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Doshu |
Head of the Way (currently Moriteru Ueshiba, grandson of Aikido's founder,
Morihei Ueshiba ). |
| Gi/Dogi/Keiko Gi |
Training uniform. |
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Gyaku Hanmi |
Paired stance where UKE and NAGE have the opposite foot forward.
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| Hanmi |
Triangular stance. |
|
Hombu Dojo |
A term used to
refer to the central dojo of an organization. This usually designates Aikido
World Headquarters in Tokyo.
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| Hidari |
Left.
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| Irimi |
Entering movement.
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| Kaiso |
The Founder of Aikido, Morihei Ueshiba. Also called O-SENSEI. |
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Kamae |
A posture or stance. Although 'KAMAE' generally refers to a physical stance,
there is an important parallel in Aikido between one's physical and one's
psychological bearing
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Kamiza |
A small shrine, especially in an Aikido, generally located in the front of
the dojo. One bows in the direction of the KAMIZA when entering or leaving
the dojo, or the mat.
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| Kata |
A 'form' or prescribed pattern of movement.
Also 'shoulder'. |
| Keiko |
Training. The literal translation of the
characters is 'to study the old'. |
| Ki |
Mind. Spirit. Energy. Vital-force. Intention. (Chinese = chi)
|
| Kohai |
A student junior to oneself.
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| Kokoro |
'Heart or mind.'
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| Kokyu |
Breath.
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Kuzushi |
The principle of
destroying one's partner's balance. In Aikido, a technique cannot be
properly applied unless one first unbalances one's partner.
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| Kyu |
White belt rank. (Or any rank below SHODAN)
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|
Ma Ai |
Proper distancing
or timing with respect to one's partner.
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Mae |
Front, as in MAE UKEMI or falling forward. |
|
Migi |
Right.
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Mokuso |
Meditation.
Practice often begins or ends with a brief period of meditation. The purpose
of meditation is to clear one's mind and to develop cognitive equanimity.
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Nage |
The thrower. Also TORI. |
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Obi |
A belt.
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Omote |
'The front,' entering to the front. |
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Onegai shimasu |
'I welcome you to train with me,' or literally,
'I make a request.' This is said to one's partner when initiating practice. |
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O-Sensei |
Literally, 'Great Teacher,' i.e., Morihei
Ueshiba, the Founder of Aikido.
|
|
Reigi |
Etiquette.
Observance of proper etiquette is as much a part of one's training as the
practice of techniques. Observation of etiquette indicates one's sincerity,
one's willingness to learn, and one's recognition of the rights and
interests of others. Also REIGI SAHO. |
|
Sensei |
Teacher. It is
usually considered proper to address the instructor during practice as
'Sensei' rather than by his/her name. If the instructor is a permanent
instructor for one's DOJO or for an organization, it is proper to address
him/her as 'Sensei' off the mat as well.
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Seiza |
Sitting on one's knees.
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Sempai |
A student senior to oneself.
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Shikko |
Knee walking.
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Shodan |
First degree black belt.
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Shomen |
Front or top (of head). Also the designated
front of a DOJO.
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Soto |
Outside.
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Tai Sabaki |
Body movement.
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Taninsugake |
Training against multiple attackers.
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Tegatana |
'Hand sword', i.e. the edge of the hand.
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Tenkan |
Turning movement. (see TAI NO TENKAN)
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Tenshin |
A movement where NAGE moves 45 degrees away
from the attack .
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Uchi |
'Inside.' Also 'strike'. |
|
Ueshiba Kisshomaru |
The son of the Founder of Aikido and second
Aikido DOSHU.
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Ueshiba Morihei |
The Founder of Aikido. (see O-SENSEI and KAISO).
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|
Ueshiba Moriteru |
The grandson of the Founder and current DOJOSHU.
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Uke |
Person being thrown (receiving the technique
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Ukemi |
Literally
'receiving [with/through] the body,' thus, the art of falling in response to
a technique. The development of proper ukemi skills is just as important as
the development of throwing skills and is no less deserving of attention and
effort.
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Ura |
'Rear.'
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Ushiro |
Backwards or behind, as in USHIRO UKEMI or
falling backwards.
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Waza |
Technique.
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Yudansha |
Black belt holder.
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Zanshin |
Lit. 'remaining
mind/heart.' Even after an Aikido technique has been completed, one should
remain in a balanced and aware state.
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Aikido Techniques
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Tachi waza |
Standing Technique. |
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Suwari waza |
Seated Technique. Also ZAGI. |
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Hanmi handachi waza |
Technique where NAGE is seated and UKE is standing. |
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Osae waza |
Pinning Technique. |
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Kansetsu
waza |
Joint technique. |
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Jiyu Waza |
Free-style practice of techniques. |
|
Ikkyo |
First teaching. Also UDE OSAE (arm pin). |
|
Nikyo |
Second teaching. Also KOTE MAWASHI (wrist/forearm rotate). |
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Sankyo |
Third teaching. Also KOTE HINERI (wrist/forearm twist). |
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Yonkyo |
Fourth teaching. Also TEKUBI OSAE (wrist pin). |
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Goyko |
Fifth teaching. Also UDE NOBASHI (arm stretch). |
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Iriminage |
Entering Throw. |
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Shihonage |
Four Way Throw. |
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Kokyunage |
Breath Throw. |
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Kotegaeshi |
Wrist/forearm Reversal. |
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Kaitennage |
Circular Throw. |
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Tenchinage |
Heaven and Earth Throw. |
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Kokyuho |
Breath Method. |
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Types of Attacks
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Tori/Dori |
Grab |
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Uchi |
Strike |
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Keri/Geri |
Kick |
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Katatedori |
One hand grabbing one hand (mirror image). |
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Kosadori |
One hand grabbing one hand
(right to right or left to left). |
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Morotedori |
Two hands grabbing one hand. |
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Ryotedori |
Two hands grabbing two hands |
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Katadori |
Shoulder grab. |
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Ushirodori |
Grab from behind. |
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Shomenuchi |
Strike to the front or top of the head. |
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Yokomenuchi |
Strike to the side of the head. |
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Tsuki |
Punch or thrust. |
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Counting
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One |
Ichi |
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Two |
Ni |
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Three |
San |
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Four |
Shi/Yon |
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Five |
Go |
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Six |
Roku |
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Seven |
Shichi/Nana |
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Eight |
Hachi |
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Nine |
Kyu |
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Ten |
Ju |
